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To develop and validate an agent-based Large Language Model (LLM) system for extracting structured data from breast cancer synoptic pathology reports and assess the performance gap between synthetic and real-world validation.

This study evaluates the usefulness of explicit syntactic knowledge, integrated via a neural mechanism, in improving the accuracy of named entity recognition in the domain of biomedical text processing.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/jamiaopen/ooaf134.].

Electronic health record (EHR) phenotyping often relies on noisy proxy labels, which undermine the reliability of downstream risk prediction. Active learning can reduce annotation costs, but typical heuristics do not directly optimize downstream prediction. Our goal was to develop a framework that directly uses downstream prediction performance as feedback to guide phenotype correction and sample selection under constrained labeling budgets.

Medical coding structures health-care data for research, quality monitoring, and policy. This study assesses the potential of large language models (LLMs) to assign International Classification of Primary Care, 2nd edition (ICPC-2) codes using the output of a domain-specific search engine.

Identifying patients at high risk for atrial fibrillation (AF) after cryptogenic stroke remains a challenge, particularly in settings with limited access to long-term cardiac monitoring. The AFibrisk platform, a free digital decision-support tool, integrates 19 validated AF prediction scores to support post-stroke triage. We aimed to assess the concordance of AFibrisk-supported classification decisions with expert electrophysiologist consensus and compare performance across evaluator groups with different levels of clinical experience.

To develop and validate machine learning (ML) models that predict probable cause of death (CoD) using structured electronic health record (EHR) data, unstructured clinical notes, and publicly available sources.

The expansion of artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled clinical decision support (CDS) requires nurses to interpret complex model outputs. However, their cognitive readiness remains underexplored, particularly in terms of their understanding of statistics. To assess nurses' understanding of key statistical concepts underlying AI predictions and their relationship to health numeracy.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused a major health crisis worldwide significantly impacting mental well-being. In this study, our objective is to assess the resilience of pre-pandemic depression level prediction models when applied to COVID-19 era data. We leverage advanced Machine Learning (ML) and Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) techniques to identify the key factors impacting the shifts in depression levels during the pandemic. We aim to align the later identification with interventions [...]

This study aims to develop a detailed understanding of provider and Information Technology (IT) operations staff experiences and attitudes regarding patients' ability to edit their data. This includes understanding barriers to developing a process to write back data into the electronic health record (EHR) as well as a concrete set of recommendations on incorporating patient-generated data into the EHR.