Search AMIA.org

Accurate citation of relevant publications is essential for scientific integrity in biomedical research. Large language models (LLMs) excel at text generation but often hallucinate fabricated or inaccurate citations. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) can mitigate these errors, yet current approaches lack semantic precision in evidence retrieval. This study aims to develop a domain-specific RAG system for reliable, context-specific biomedical citation recommendations.

Large-scale propensity score (LSPS) models are increasingly used to control confounding in observational studies, but their reliability in small-sample settings is unclear. Small samples can limit a study's ability to estimate propensity scores accurately and achieve adequate covariate balance, raising concerns about insufficient confounding adjustment. Resulting in small datasets being excluded, despite potentially containing valid information.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/jamiaopen/ooag100.].

BACKGROUND: Pharmacogenetics is increasingly recognized as essential for optimizing drug therapy and reducing preventable adverse drug events. However, applying pharmacogenetic data in real-world clinical decisions remains challenging. Traditional rule-based clinical decision support systems often fall short. Machine learning-based clinical decision support systems offer a more dynamic solution, combining pharmacogenetic variants, patient-specific clinical data, medication history, and guidelines to generate personalized treatment recommendations.

BACKGROUND: Excessive alerts, difficult-to-use interfaces, and inefficient workflows increase cognitive load and time in the electronic health record (EHR), contributing to clinician burnout. Ordering workflows are a high-friction component of the EHR experience. Order friction (OF) is a vendor-derived metric quantifying ordering burden as a count of required manipulations and interruptions.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/jamiaopen/ooaf087.].

BACKGROUND: Noona is a patient-facing app used by CancerCare Manitoba to connect patients to their electronic health record and communicate with their care team. Since the implementation of Noona, staff have been responsible for registering patients with Noona. Registration rates have been consistently low. With competing clinic priorities and workload demands on front-line staff, an alternative solution was needed.

BACKGROUND: Ambient artificial intelligence (AI) scribes may improve clinician-level outcomes (e.g., documentation burden) and patient experience. However, patients must agree to allow clinicians to use ambient AI scribes for these benefits to materialize. What motivates patients to agree to these tools' use and what factors improve their acceptability remain underexplored. It is also unclear whether patients' current trust in AI tools influences which factors affect ambient AI scribe acceptability.

To conduct a nationwide survey among professionals working in oncology departments in China to investigate their attitudes, perceptions, and experiences regarding medical artificial intelligence (AI), and to explore and compare the factors influencing AI behavioral intention (BI; willingness to adopt AI) between physicians and nurses using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT).

We adapted the individualized polysocial risk score (iPsRS), a machine learning model originally developed for patients with type 2 diabetes, to evaluate its generalizability in predicting 1-year hospitalization risk in a disease-agnostic adult cohort, with attention to fairness and explainability.