From Cloud to Pocket: Frontier Edge Foundation Models and the Future of Clinical Informatics.
BACKGROUND: Open foundation models designed for on-device and edge deployment, exemplified by the Qwen 3.5 small series (March 2, 2026) and Gemma 4 (April 2, 2026), challenge the default of routing all clinical natural language processing through commercial cloud application programming interfaces (APIs).
Author(s): Shankar, Ravi
DOI: 10.1055/a-2969-1166